yum报错：error: db5 error(-30973) from dbenv->failchk: BDB0087 DB_RUNRECOVERY: Fatal error, run database recovery

1、Linux服务器 ，执行 yum命令，报错，如下：

[root@isTester-Idoxu ~]# yum install nodejs
error: rpmdb: BDB0113 Thread/process 19512/140292738050112 failed: BDB1507 Thread died in Berkeley DB library
error: db5 error(-30973) from dbenv->failchk: BDB0087 DB_RUNRECOVERY: Fatal error, run database recovery
error: cannot open Packages index using db5 -  (-30973)
error: cannot open Packages database in /var/lib/rpm
CRITICAL:yum.main:

Error: rpmdb open failed

2、原因：

rpm数据库被损坏了。

3、解决办法：

修改一下数据库即可，

1）执行命令cd /var/lib/rpm

[root@isTester-Idoxu ~]# cd /var/lib/rpm
[root@isTester-Idoxu rpm]# ls
Basenames  Conflictname  __db.001  __db.002  __db.003  Dirnames  Group  Installtid  Name  Obsoletename  Packages  Providename  Requirename  Sha1header  Sigmd5  Triggername

2）查看

[root@isTester-Idoxu rpm]# ll

total 142484
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root   3051520 Nov  4  2020 Basenames
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root     16384 Oct 30  2020 Conflictname
-rw-r--r--  1 root root    286720 Nov  8 17:55 __db.001
-rw-r--r--  1 root root     90112 Nov  8 17:55 __db.002
-rw-r--r--  1 root root   1318912 Nov  8 17:55 __db.003
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root   2072576 Nov  4  2020 Dirnames
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root     20480 Nov  4  2020 Group
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root     16384 Nov  4  2020 Installtid
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root     36864 Nov  4  2020 Name
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root     16384 Nov  2  2020 Obsoletename
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 136822784 Nov  4  2020 Packages
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root   1888256 Nov  4  2020 Providename
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root    253952 Nov  4  2020 Requirename
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root     73728 Nov  4  2020 Sha1header
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root     40960 Nov  4  2020 Sigmd5
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root      8192 Oct 30  2020 Triggername

3）删除损害的数据库文件

[root@isTester-Idoxu rpm]# rm -rf __db.00*
[root@isTester-Idoxu rpm]# ll
total 140964
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root   3051520 Nov  4  2020 Basenames
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root     16384 Oct 30  2020 Conflictname
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root   2072576 Nov  4  2020 Dirnames
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root     20480 Nov  4  2020 Group
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root     16384 Nov  4  2020 Installtid
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root     36864 Nov  4  2020 Name
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root     16384 Nov  2  2020 Obsoletename
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 136822784 Nov  4  2020 Packages
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root   1888256 Nov  4  2020 Providename
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root    253952 Nov  4  2020 Requirename
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root     73728 Nov  4  2020 Sha1header
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root     40960 Nov  4  2020 Sigmd5
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root      8192 Oct 30  2020 Triggername

4）重新创建数据库文件

[root@isTester-Idoxu rpm]# rpm --rebuilddb
[root@isTester-Idoxu rpm]# yum
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
You need to give some command
Usage: yum [options] COMMAND

List of Commands:

check          Check for problems in the rpmdb
check-update   Check for available package updates
clean          Remove cached data
deplist        List a package's dependencies
distribution-synchronization Synchronize installed packages to the latest available versions
downgrade      downgrade a package
erase          Remove a package or packages from your system
fs             Acts on the filesystem data of the host, mainly for removing docs/lanuages for minimal hosts.
fssnapshot     Creates filesystem snapshots, or lists/deletes current snapshots.
groups         Display, or use, the groups information
help           Display a helpful usage message
history        Display, or use, the transaction history
info           Display details about a package or group of packages
install        Install a package or packages on your system
langavailable  Check available languages
langinfo       List languages information
langinstall    Install appropriate language packs for a language
langlist       List installed languages
langremove     Remove installed language packs for a language
list           List a package or groups of packages
load-transaction load a saved transaction from filename
makecache      Generate the metadata cache
provides       Find what package provides the given value
reinstall      reinstall a package
repo-pkgs      Treat a repo. as a group of packages, so we can install/remove all of them
repolist       Display the configured software repositories
search         Search package details for the given string
shell          Run an interactive yum shell
swap           Simple way to swap packages, instead of using shell
update         Update a package or packages on your system
update-minimal Works like upgrade, but goes to the 'newest' package match which fixes a problem that affects your system
updateinfo     Acts on repository update information
upgrade        Update packages taking obsoletes into account
version        Display a version for the machine and/or available repos.


Options:
  -h, --help            show this help message and exit
  -t, --tolerant        be tolerant of errors
  -C, --cacheonly       run entirely from system cache, don't update cache
  -c [config file], --config=[config file]
                        config file location
  -R [minutes], --randomwait=[minutes]
                        maximum command wait time
  -d [debug level], --debuglevel=[debug level]
                        debugging output level
  --showduplicates      show duplicates, in repos, in list/search commands
  -e [error level], --errorlevel=[error level]
                        error output level
  --rpmverbosity=[debug level name]
                        debugging output level for rpm
  -q, --quiet           quiet operation
  -v, --verbose         verbose operation
  -y, --assumeyes       answer yes for all questions
  --assumeno            answer no for all questions
  --version             show Yum version and exit
  --installroot=[path]  set install root
  --enablerepo=[repo]   enable one or more repositories (wildcards allowed)
  --disablerepo=[repo]  disable one or more repositories (wildcards allowed)
  -x [package], --exclude=[package]
                        exclude package(s) by name or glob
  --disableexcludes=[repo]
                        disable exclude from main, for a repo or for
                        everything
  --disableincludes=[repo]
                        disable includepkgs for a repo or for everything
  --obsoletes           enable obsoletes processing during updates
  --noplugins           disable Yum plugins
  --nogpgcheck          disable gpg signature checking
  --disableplugin=[plugin]
                        disable plugins by name
  --enableplugin=[plugin]
                        enable plugins by name
  --skip-broken         skip packages with depsolving problems
  --color=COLOR         control whether color is used
  --releasever=RELEASEVER
                        set value of $releasever in yum config and repo files
  --downloadonly        don't update, just download
  --downloaddir=DLDIR   specifies an alternate directory to store packages
  --setopt=SETOPTS      set arbitrary config and repo options
  --bugfix              Include bugfix relevant packages, in updates
  --security            Include security relevant packages, in updates
  --advisory=ADVS, --advisories=ADVS
                        Include packages needed to fix the given advisory, in
                        updates
  --bzs=BZS             Include packages needed to fix the given BZ, in
                        updates
  --cves=CVES           Include packages needed to fix the given CVE, in
                        updates
  --sec-severity=SEVS, --secseverity=SEVS
                        Include security relevant packages matching the
                        severity, in updates

  Plugin Options:

5）查看是否创建成功
[root@isTester-Idoxu rpm]# ll
total 86052
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  2846720 Nov  8 17:58 Basenames
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root     8192 Nov  8 17:58 Conflictname
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root   286720 Nov  8 17:58 __db.001
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root    90112 Nov  8 17:58 __db.002
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root    57344 Nov  8 17:58 __db.003
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  1327104 Nov  8 17:58 Dirnames
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root    24576 Nov  8 17:58 Group
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root    16384 Nov  8 17:58 Installtid
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root    40960 Nov  8 17:58 Name
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root    16384 Nov  8 17:58 Obsoletename
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 81248256 Nov  8 17:58 Packages
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  1957888 Nov  8 17:58 Providename
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root   217088 Nov  8 17:58 Requirename
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root    69632 Nov  8 17:58 Sha1header
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root    45056 Nov  8 17:58 Sigmd5
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root     8192 Nov  8 17:58 Triggername

搞定 。